Monday, September 30, 2019

Homeland Security Essay

The challenge to traditional policing issued in the 1970s has created a new concept of policing and that is the role of policing in homeland security. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the federal government has shifted to a policy of homeland security, and part of that has incorporated local firefighters and local police agencies (Oliver & Hilgenberg, 2004). But the creation has a lot of inadequacies. First, so much confusion still abounds in terms of what homeland security means: is it simply being more watchful for suspicious activities, is it intelligence gathering on the part of patrol officers, or is it standing guard at possible terrorist targets in their jurisdictions? Another inadequacy is not so much determining if local police are going to play a role in this new public policy but rather what role they can play. And, beyond determining what role the police will play in homeland security, the natural extension of this is to ask who will pay. Moreover, as the public policy of homeland security is clearly a national policy issue, it would seem that the policy will be an intergovernmental one driven by the presidential administration. While there have been some intergovernmental grant programs implemented, many of these have been slow to reach the local level, raising further questions as to what role state and local police can play without the necessary resources. While it is too soon to determine how this new policy will play out in terms of policing in America, there is little doubt that this will be an active part of the public policy process in policing for years to come. As America responded quickly to the attacks by educating themselves on terrorism and demanding action from government, the president and the U. S. Congress quickly began a process of restructuring government to focus on antiterrorism (prevention techniques) and counterterrorism (how to actively respond to terrorists) measures in order to meet these new demands. The creation of the Office of Homeland Security and its subsequent passage as a cabinet-level department is an inclination that the national government is moving in this direction. In addition, many of the grants for local agencies are now centered on homeland security, and perhaps most telling is the fact that the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services had its budget slashed by the Bush administration, but the Department of Homeland Security has seen its budget allocations increase substantially. Although only time will tell if American law enforcement has entered into a new era of policing, there is little doubt that homeland security has become an overriding policy of the current administration and that, it will continue to be at least until January 2009 (Office of Homeland Security , 2002). Hence, a coordinated response to Homeland Security was good for interagency operations. That is why President George W. Bush signed the Homeland Security Act into law on November 25, 2002 (National Public Radio, 2002). It has been touted to be the greatest reorganization of the federal government since the beginning of the Cold War. Several departments have been assigned to the new Secretary for Homeland Security. Some of the agencies transferred to the Homeland Security (DHS) include the United States Secret Service, National Infrastructure Protection Center, Energy Assurance Office, National Communications System, United States Coast Guard, Customs Service, Transportation Security Administration, Federal Protective Service, Functions of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office of Domestic Preparedness, Selected functions of the Department of Agriculture, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center, Nuclear threat assessment programs, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Domestic Emergency Support Team, Metropolitan Medical Response System, National Disaster Medical System, Strategic National Stockpile of the Department of Public Health, Nuclear Incident Response Team, A new Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. Further, this new department is arranged under five Under Secretaries for: (1) Information Analysis and Infrastructure, (2) Science and Technology, (3) Border and Transportation Security, (4) Emergency Preparedness and Response, and (5) Management Services (Oliver, 341-342). The purpose of this massive reorganization of course is to centralize government planning and response. The DHS has been charged to cooperate and coordinate with state and local governments. The CIA and FBI remain separate agencies. In the homeland security, the government is calling for full participation by state and local agencies. Hence, it is good as it seeks to develop cooperative relationships with existing police agencies and homeland defense managers need to negotiate power sharing arrangements with state and local police.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Famous Elizabethans and Their Era Essay

The first about who we will talk is Edmund Spenser (1522-1599), who was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor Dynasty and Elizabeth I. he is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and one of the greatest poets in the English language. The first verses ever published by Spenser were six sonnets translated from Petrarch. Then followed The Shepherds Calendar, whose subject was suggested to him by Sydney. In writing it, Spenser used foreign models derived from Greek poetry, Latin, French, and Italian literature. The verses are still very conventional and show obvious signs of immaturity, the content is mythological-scholarly, though there are many beautiful descriptions of English rural scenery. The melody is often interrupted; however, it inaugurates a new era in English poetry. This new era is superbly by The Faerie Queene. The models which Spenser used when he embarked upon the difficult task of composing this poem, the most important and popular of all that he ever wrote, were Ariosto’s Orlando furioso and Tasso’s Gerusalemme Liberato. Conceived in the midst of the uncanny beauties of the Irish landscape, The Faerie Queene is far from indifferent to them, finding in them an important source of inspiration for his natural background; as important as medieval English and Celtic poetry were for the narrative. The chief task Spenser set himself was to amalgamate all these poetical elements and, by deepening the moral content of court poetry and by fertilizing it with the new humanistic ideas, to write an impressive national epic. Few poems more clearly illustrate the variety of influences from which most great literary works result. In many respects the most direct source was the body of Italian romances of chivalry, especially the ‘Orlando Furioso’ of Ariosto, which was written in the early part of the sixteenth century. These romances, in turn, combine the personages of the medieval French epics of Charlemagne with something of the spirit of Arthurian romance and with a Renaissance atmosphere of magic and of rich fantastic beauty. Spenser borrows and absorbs all these things and moreover he imitates Ariosto closely, often merely translating whole passages from his work. But this use of the Italian romances, further, carries with it a large employment of characters, incidents, and imagery from classical mythology and literature, among other things the elaborated similes of the classical epics. Spenser himself is directly influenced, also, by the medieval romances. Most important of all, all these elements are shaped to the purpose of the poem by Spenser’s high moral aim, which in turn springs largely from his Platonic idealism. To the beauty of Spenser’s imagination, ideal and sensuous, corresponds his magnificent command of rhythm and of sound. As a verbal melodist, especially a melodist of sweetness and of stately grace, and as a harmonist of prolonged and complex cadences, he is unsurpassable. But he has full command of his rhythm according to the subject, and can range from the most delicate suggestion of airy beauty to the roar of the tempest or the strident energy of battle. In vocabulary and phraseology his fluency appears inexhaustible. Here, as in ‘The Shepherd’s Calendar,’ he deliberately introduces, especially from Chaucer, obsolete words and forms, such as the inflectional ending in -en which distinctly contribute to his romantic effect. His constant use of alliteration is very skilful; the frequency of the alliteration on w is conspicuous but apparently accidental. For the external medium of all this beauty Spenser, modifying the ottava rima of Ariosto (a stanza which rimes abababcc), invented the stanza which bears his own name and which is the only artificial stanza of English origin that has ever passed into currency. The rime-scheme is ababbcbcc and in the last line the iambic pentameter gives place to an Alexandrine (an iambic hexameter). Whether or not any stanza form is as well adapted as blank verse or the rimed couplet for prolonged narrative is an interesting question, but there can be no doubt that Spenser’s stanza, firmly unified, in spite of its length, by its central couplet and by the finality of the last line, is a discovery of genius, and that the Alexandrine, ‘forever feeling for the next stanza,’ does much to bind the stanzas together. It has been adopted in no small number of the greatest subsequent English poems, including such various ones as Burns’ ‘Cotter’s Saturday Night,’ Byron’s ‘Childe Harold,’ Keats’ ‘Eve of St. Agnes,’ and Shelley’s ‘Adonais. ‘ In general style and spirit, it should be added, Spenser has been one of the most powerful influences on all succeeding English romantic poetry. Two further sentences of Lowell well summarize his whole general achievement: ‘His great merit is in the ideal treatment with which he glorified common things and gilded them with a ray of enthusiasm. He is a standing protest against the tyranny of the Commonplace, and sows the seeds of a noble discontent with prosaic views of life and the dull uses to which it may be put. The next famous Elizabethan that should be mentioned and about whom we will make a few references concerning his life, his work and his innovations in literature is Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. As the foremost Elizabethan tragedian, he is known for his blank verse, his overreaching protagonist, and h is mysterious death. Marlowe’s reputation as a dramatist rests on five plays – Tamburlaine, Doctor Faustus, The Jew of Malta, Edward II, and Dido, Queen of Cartage. To these five masterpieces might be added The Massacre of Paris, a bloody-thirsty melodrama now, it seems, little read. In this handful of plays appears the first true voice of the Renaissance, of the period of a new learning, new freedom, new enterprise, of the period of worship of Man rather than God. Marlowe sums up the new age. The old restrictions of the Church and the limitation on knowledge have been destroyed; the world is opening up and the ships are sailing to new lands; wealth is being amassed; the great national aggressors are rising. But, above all, it is the spirit of human freedom, of limitless human power and enterprise that Marlowe’s plays convey. Tamburlaine is the great conqueror, the embodiment of tyrannical power; Barabas, the Jew of Malta, stands for monetary power; Faustus represents the most deadly hunger of all, for the power which supreme knowledge can give. Each one of Christopher Marlowe’s plays is, in a sense, a tour de force, a special creation. The Jew of Malta, Dido, and The Massacre of Paris, though abounding in passages of strength yet do not fulfill the requirements the author himself had set up. The Jew, however, was very popular, being performed thirty-six times in four years, which in those days was an unusual record. Marlowe’s first and most important service to drama was the improvement of blank verse. Greene had condemned its use as being unscholarly; Sackville and Norton had used it, but were not able to lift it above commonplace. In their work, it usually consisted of isolated lines, one following another, with no grouping according to thought. All the verses were made after one rhythmical pattern, with the same number of feet and the caesura always in place. Marlowe invented numberless variations while still keeping the satisfying rhythm within a recurring pattern. Sometimes he left a redundant syllable, or left the line one syllable short, or moved the position of the caesura. He grouped his lines according to the thought and adapted his various rhythms to the ideas. Thus blank verse became a living organism, plastic, brilliant, and finished. Marlowe’s second best gift to drama was his conception of the heroic tragedy built on a grand scale, with the three-fold unity of character, impression, and interest, instead of the artificial unities of time and place. Before his time tragedies were built either according to the loose style of the chronicle, or within the mechanical framework of the Seneca model; but in either case the dramatic unity attained by the Greeks was lacking. Marlowe and Shakespeare, with their disregard of the so-called classic rules, were in fact much nearer the spirit of Aeschylus and Sophocles than the slavish followers of the pseudo-classic schools. Marlowe painted gigantic ambitions, desires for impossible things, longings for a beauty beyond earthly conception, and sovereigns destroyed by the very powers which had raised them to their thrones. Tamburlaine, Faust, Barabbas are the personifications of arrogance, ambition and greed. There is sometimes a touch of the extravagant or bombastic, or even of the puerile in his plays, for he had no sense of humor; nor had he the ability to portray a woman. He wrote no drama on the subject of love. Furthermore, his world is not altogether our world, but a remote field of the imagination. It has been remarked that â€Å"in Marlowe’s superb verse there is very little to indicate that the writer had ever encountered any human beings. [1]In spite of this, he was great, both as a dramatist and poet. His short life, the haste of his work, the irregularities of his habits, these things combined to keep him from perfecting the creations of his imagination. Taken together, his plays imposed a standard upon all succeeding theatrical compositions. Before him, in England, there was no play of great importance; but after him, and based upon his work as a model, rose the greatest drama of English history. A friendlier critic, Mr. A. C. Swinburne, observes of this poet that â€Å"the father of English tragedy and the creator of English blank verse was therefore also the teacher and the guide of Shakespeare. † In this sentence there are two misleading assumptions and two misleading conclusions. Kyd has as good a title to the first honour as Marlowe; Surrey has a better title to the second; and Shakespeare was not taught or guided by one of his predecessors or contemporaries alone. The less questionable judgment is, that Marlowe exercised a strong influence over later drama, though not himself as great a dramatist as Kyd; that he introduced several new tones into blank verse, and commenced the dissociative process which drew it farther and farther away from the rhythms of rhymed verse; and that when Shakespeare borrowed from him, which was pretty often at the beginning, Shakespeare either made something inferior or something different. To sum up we can say that Marlowe’s major contribution to the Elizabethan drama is due to his vigorous and masterly use of blank verse (his ‘’mighty line’’) – a poetic form consisting of unrhymed iambic pentameters which is much nearer to conversational, natural English than any other metrical form. It is vigorous, flexible, and it can suit itself to the necessities of declamation, oratory, exposition, speechmaking, etc. , being used by Shakespeare himself to extraordinary effect. The last but not the least famous Elizabethan we have to speak is Ben Johnson (1572-1637), who was an English renaissance dramatist, poet and actor. A contemporary of William Shakespeare, he is best known for his satirical plays, particularly Volpone, The Alchemist and Bartholomew Fair, which are considered his best and his lyrical poems. A man of vast reading and unparalleled breadth of influence on Jacobean and Caroline playwrights and poets. The second place among the Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists is universally assigned, on the whole justly, to Ben Jonson, who both in temperament and in artistic theories and practice presents a complete contrast to Shakespeare. Most conspicuous in his dramas is his realism, often, as we have said, extremely coarse, and a direct reflection of his intellect, which was as strongly masculine as his body and altogether lacking, where the regular drama was concerned, in fineness of sentiment or poetic feeling. He early assumed an attitude of pronounced opposition to the Elizabethan romantic plays, which seemed to him not only lawless in artistic structure but unreal and trifling in atmosphere and substance. That he was not, however, as has sometimes been said, personally hostile to Shakespeare is clear, among other things, from his poetic tributes in the folio edition of Shakespeare and from his direct statement elsewhere that he loved Shakespeare almost to idolatry. ) Jonson’s purpose was to present life as he believed it to be; he was thoroughly acquainted with its worser side; and he refused to conceal anything that appeared to him significant. His plays, therefore, have very much that is flatly offensive to the taste which seeks in literature, prevailingly, for idealism and beauty; but they are, nevertheless, generally speaking, powerful portrayals of actual life. Jonson’s purpose, however, was never unworthy; rather, it was distinctly to uphold morality. His frankest plays, as we have indicated, are attacks on vice and folly, and sometimes, it is said, had important reformatory influence on contemporary manners. He held, indeed, that in the drama, even in comedy, the function of teaching was as important as that of giving pleasure. His attitude toward his audiences was that of a learned schoolmaster, whose ideas they should accept with deferential respect; and when they did not approve his plays he was outspoken in indignant contempt. Jonson’s self-satisfaction and his critical sense of intellectual superiority to the generality of mankind produce also a marked and disagreeable lack of sympathy in his portrayal of both life and character. The world of his dramas is mostly made up of knaves, scoundrels, hypocrites, fools, and dupes; and it includes among its really important characters very few excellent men and not a single really good woman. Jonson viewed his fellow-men, in the mass, with complete scorn, which it was one of his moral and artistic principles not to disguise. His characteristic comedies all belong, further, to the particular type which he himself originated, namely, the ‘Comedy of Humors. ‘ In opposition to the free Elizabethan romantic structure, Jonson stood for and deliberately intended to revive the classical style; though with characteristic good sense he declared that not all the classical practices were applicable to English plays. He generally bserved unity not only of action but also of time (a single day) and place, sometimes with serious resultant loss of probability. In his tragedies, ‘Sejanus’ and ‘’Catiline,’’ he excluded comic material; for the most part he kept scenes of death and violence off the stage; and he very carefully and slowly constructed plays which have nothing, indeed, of the poetic greatness of Sophocles or Euripides ( rather a Jonson’s broad solidity) but which move steadily to their climaxes and then on to the catastrophes in the compact classical manner. He carried his scholarship, however, to the point of pedantry, not only in the illustrative extracts from Latin authors with which in the printed edition he filled the lower half of his pages, but in the plays themselves in the scrupulous exactitude of his rendering of the details of Roman life. The plays reconstruct the ancient world with much more minute accuracy than do Shakespeare’s; the student should consider for himself whether they succeed better in reproducing its human reality, making it a living part of the reader’s mental and spiritual possessions. Jonson’s style in his plays, especially the blank verse of his tragedies, exhibits the same general characteristics. It is strong, compact, and sometimes powerful, but it entirely lacks imaginative poetic beauty, it is really only rhythmical prose, though sometimes suffused with passion. Last, and not least: Jonson’s revolt from romanticism to classicism initiated, chiefly in non-dramatic verse, the movement for restraint and regularity, which, making slow headway during the next half century, was to issue in the triumphant pseudo-classicism of the generations of Dryden and Pope. Thus, notable in himself, he was significant also as one of the moving forces of a great literary revolution.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Chromatography Lab Repot

Design and carry out a scientific investigation on any one factor that affects retention on paper chromatography Design and carry out a scientific investigation on any one factor that affects retention on paper chromatography CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT Name: Sri Danielle Class: 9A Teacher: Sir Ajay Name: Sri Danielle Class: 9A Teacher: Sir Ajay Aim My aim for this experiment is to find out how different types of solvent will affect the retention factor in paper chromatography. HypothesisI think that there will be a high RF value in paper chromatography, if we use water solvent because a solvent that has a strong interaction with a chemical will easily over come attraction from the chemical for the absorbent layer and move that chemical in a given period of time. Materials Food Coloring (solute) Ethanol, Acetone, Tap Water, Distilled Water(solvents) Pencil Ruler Scissors Filter Paper Petri Dish Variables Independent: Type of chromatography solvent Dependent: Retention i n paper chromatography Controlled: Type of Chromatography paperSize of spot Thickness of Chromatography Substance tested for paper chromatography Concentration of the solute Temperature Variables Manipulation Independent: Apply different solvents Dependent: The RF value of the given solvent Controlled: Keep the solute same. Keep the size of the solution the same (one drop) Keep the temperature of the room the same. Diagram Method Step 1 – Prepare Materials and pour solvents into the petri dish. Step 2- Fold the provided chromatography paper into half (make sure it can stand) Step 3- measure 1. cm from one end of the paper then draw a line across. This will be used as a starting point. Step 4- Repeat for 4 chromatography papers for each solvent. Step 5- Place a drop of the solution on the pencil line for all 4 chromatography papers Step 6- Mark the chromatography paper to identify it’s solvent Step 7- Fill the 4 different petri dishes with one of each of the solvents St ep 8- Make sure the solvents do not reach the pencil line Step 9- Observe as the chromatogram developsStep 10- Make sure before you take out the chromatography paper, it is entirely wet by the solvent Step 11- Draw a line along the line up to which the solvent has traveled on each chromatography Step 12- Measure the distance between the two pencil lines on the chromatography paper and record the measurement on the top of the paper. Do this for each paper. Step 13- Measure the RF value by dividing â€Å"distance travelled by component† with â€Å"distance travelled by solvent Step 14- Record the measurement then tabulate the data. Results Solvent| Distance travelled by component| Distance travelled by solvent| RF Value| Tap Water| 5. | 6. 4| 0. 90| Distilled water| 7. 0| 7. 2| 0. 97| Acetone| 4. 7| 5. 5| 0. 85| Ethanol| 3. 1| 6. 1| 0. 50| Graph Reflection In this experiment, I put two drops on each paper; I also used Tap water and Distilled water to get a more reliable result for the solvent. This helped me get me more accurate result. It was hard to get the RF value as I did not get he exact distances (distance travelled by component and solvent) as I got confused on how to take the reading properly. If I do this experiment again, I will surely ask a teacher on how to do so and to get a better and more accurate result.Conclusion According to the results of the experiment, my hypothesis was proved to be correct. The data shows that the water solvent results as the highest RF value among all the other solvents. It also shows that the solvent results in a great affect retention of chromatography paper. The different types of solvents affect the retention in paper chromatography. In all the solvents I used, water has the greatest effect in retention, as its RF value being the highest among all. Precaution 1. Careful when handling fragile materials 2. Don’t taste or smell solvents 3. Handle chemicals with care

Friday, September 27, 2019

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Essay Example From afar, one would think that it is but a very realistic illustration of a bright red, elegant armchair with one pair of an old running shoe and an electrical cord in front, a broom on the side and a painting on the wall hanging just right over it. It would not be until one looks closely on it that the touching details of the painting become clear. The elegant armchair is old and worn out looking as if it has been used for many years. The shadow on the left side of the painting and the one that is created by the armchair make it look like the light is focused on the painting on the wall and the armchair with a huge fish lying on it. With all these elements combined all together, I realized why Fraser named it as such. As one of the spectators in the room, I think that the whole picture shows the contrasting yet funny way of life. The painting of the fishermen that is hanging right above the armchair reflects all of the hard work in order to live an extravagant lifestyle. However, the fish that seems to be catching its breath lying on the chair represents our ignorance of the fact that we have been trying so hard that we do not realize that the one thing that satisfies all our needs are sitting just right inside our home. A healthy lifestyle and a clean living condition are sufficient enough to make man happy. The simplicity of life should satisfy

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Report on the case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Report on the case study - Coursework Example Critical Management Studies stresses at looking the organisation and management theory from wide variety of groups which are affected by educators and business managers who instruct them. Critical theory is one of the important philosophical foundations of critical management studies. Critical theory has more influence on development on CMS than any other related theoretical foundations like post-structuralism, labour process theory, critical realism etc. Critical theory has a distinct paradigmatic characteristics and unique philosophical tradition. Critical theory basically stresses on the reflective assessment by applying knowledge from humanities and social sciences. Critical management studies brought together post-structural writings and critical theory, but since then it as developed into more diverse directions. This report will take a look at the case study of Experiencing Depersonalised bullying with respect to call-centre agents. The case provided is based on the depersonalized bullying which occurs on the call-centre agents who are employed in International call centres in Bangalore and Mumbai in India. It focuses on the oppressive regime faced by them in the workplace. The kind of bullying regime faced by them can be attributed to the service level agreements which exist between the clients and employers. This sets the tone for organisational practices. The call centre agents accept such kind of tough working conditions because of material gains and professional identities gained by them. Capitalist labour relations in the workplace bullying set the tone for such kind of oppression in the workplace. Call centre industry in India is an emerging industry. It is known as ITES-BPO sector which now contributes majorly to global offshoring business. In countries like South Africa, Philippines, Latin America and Eastern Europe this sector are an emerging sector while in India it remains in the developing stage. There

Construction Safety Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Construction Safety - Coursework Example OSHA guidelines in many states act as mere guidelines and not the law as construction accidents increase as time goes by. This has caused many states e.g. Massachusetts and Connecticut to have in place stricter guidelines that highly follow OSHA rules or supersede them. Furthermore, these states ensure that the OSHA rules are followed to the letter e.g. the 10 hr-OSHA training (Ireland, 2006). As it has been seen trenching is an area that requires huge attention as fatalities and injuries are alarmingly high. Trenching has many regulations as to safety of the workers but they are hardly followed by construction firms. The case of Robert Harrell in Texas and Martin Samaniego in California are a clear proof of how neglected OSHA guidelines are. Investigations to these cases revealed that little had been done to protect these excavators from caving in or collapsing of the trenches they were working in. These are just but two fatality cases in two dozens reported yearly in the United States. Of importance to note is that more than 1000 cases of collapsed trenches are reported annually with non-fatal injuries (Ireland, 2006). The biggest issue that concerns safety in trench-related constructions is lack of enforcement of laid down regulations or guidelines. It is sad to note that in 2004 inspections in such sites by OSHA officials proved this fact. Around 90 percent of the inspected trench sites had no protective systems in place exposing the workers to immense danger of fatalities or injuries in case of cave-ins or collapse (Ireland, 2006). The remedial action that has been in force for quite a long time is the fining system. This shows that this system has faults or loopholes that are being taken advantage of by the contractors. For this reason some firms e.g. Morrilton and Koontz Electric Co. are known to disregard OSHA rules and enforce stiffer ones in their constructions (Ireland, 2006). Although sloping,

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Knowledge Representation - The true value of knowledge in an Essay

Knowledge Representation - The true value of knowledge in an organisation - Essay Example Learning as well as knowledge has been found to go together along with complimenting each other. It has also been learnt to involve numerous years for the comparatively developed nations to make approaches from agricultural form to knowledge-motivated and finally to industrial economies. This particular transformation is believed to keep constantly provoking the organizations towards enhanced performance (Benett & Benett, 2004). The notion of knowledge management was learnt to be quite fresh during the previous decade which resulted in creating significant degree of apprehension and enthusiasm. The subject of knowledge management also attracted noteworthy amount of attention and acknowledgment for its related prospective with regard to manipulate the freshly identified positive feature in terms of knowledge which in its course is believed to elevate the degree of effectiveness of the organizations. A definite notion was also deciphered during the century that organizations were competent of enhancing their proficiencies with the help of learning which was further observed as quite likely to lead towards dexterity as well as gaining enhanced competitive advantages (Benett & Benett, 2004). . From a similar perspective, this paper will intend to assess the significance of knowledge management in organizations with reference to its related strategies. This paper will also intend to focus on the imperativeness of knowledge management in organizations and the various strategies in relation to knowledge management. The idea of knowledge management is still regarded as a fresh field and thus, a noteworthy degree of learning in the way of trial and error is yet constantly taking place. However, knowledge management has been observed to emerge victorious in structuring quite an imperative number of processes that have proved to be successful and ascertained its worth in relation to quite a number of firms as they still keep exerting

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Signal Transmission Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Signal Transmission - Assignment Example The length of the antenna should be more or equal to the wavelength. In order to transmit higher wavelength frequency, the length of the antenna should be larger that become unpractical. In order to limit the size of the antenna, carrier frequencies are used that have powerful signal frequencies. Carrier frequencies make it possible to send and receive the radio waves under a set operating range. It limits the distortion and interference with other frequencies. Carrier frequencies allow the transmission of the signal frequencies to be transmitted wirelessly. Radio waves require carrier frequencies for the transmission as carrier frequencies make it easier to transmit the information through space. Carrier frequencies work in a fixed band where the power transmitted through the carries is considerably higher as compared to that of the packed radio frequencies. Carrier frequencies are transmitted by using a similar physical transmission medium. Signal frequencies and carrier frequencie s are modulated in a manner that the receiver can easily separate the two frequencies. Mainly two basic modulation techniques are used for the transmission of the carrier frequencies. Frequencies modulation and amplitude modulation are the basic types of modulation techniques used extensively. In frequency modulation, the signal frequencies are mixed with the frequency of the carrier frequency and in amplitude modulation techniques, the signal frequencies are mixed with respect to the amplitude of the carrier frequency.

Monday, September 23, 2019

Business financing and the capital structure Assignment

Business financing and the capital structure - Assignment Example Companies can either decided to use equity or debt or a combination of the both. Whichever source is chosen; the following should be noted: Debt finance is a source that earns a fixed return (interest) to the lender. The interest is fixed at the par value of the debt (face value). This source of finance is ideal to be sought by a company that has a strong base of equity. Debt funding is only available to qualified companies based on credit ratings, and its availability is limited to the value of the security provided (Chandra, 2011). Advantages of Using debt finance – first, the interest charged on the debt is tax allowable. Second, the cost of debt is fixed regardless of the profits made by a company and due to that, under high profits, the cost of debt becomes lower. Third, it does not involve many formalities and due to that, it is suitable when a source of finance is required urgently. Fourth, if the debt is long-term, the amount owing declines with time, thus reduces the repayment burden to the borrower. Fifth, this type of finance does not influence a company’s decision since creditors do not participate in the annual general meeting (Chandra, 2011). Disadvantages of debt finance – first, it can only be invested with the lender’s approval. Second, when used in excess, the creditors might demand a representation on the Board of Directors. The representation might affect a company’s decision-making. Third, it is risky to use it during an economic decline because its usage might send a company into receivership. Lastly, it is only available for specific ventures, thus might affect the flexibility of the company’s investment strategy (Chandra, 2011). Equity capital - it is raised from the public through the sale of ordinary shares. This source of finance is available exclusively to Limited Companies. It is a changeless finance source, as the shareholders cannot review this cash except under liquidation. It is, along these lines,

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Gothic Tales and Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example for Free

Gothic Tales and Edgar Allan Poe Essay Compare The Tell-Tale Heart with The Black Cat. How, in these tales, does Poe draw on the Gothic tradition and take us into the tormented, diseased minds of his narrators In both The Tell-Tale Heat and The Black Cat there are many gothic effects used. For example, the gruesome concealment of the victims is described in a deadpan but detailed manner. In The Black Cat our narrator describes all of his options and then illustrates exactly how he carried it out, I easily dislodged the bricks, and, having carefully deposited the bodyHaving procured mortar, sand, and hairI prepared a plaster which could not be distinguished from the old Then in The Tell-Tale Heart he describes this concealment procedure again, I took up the flooringthen replaced the boards so cleverly so cunningly the no human eyecould have detected anything wrongnothing to wash outno blood-spot whatever. Both narrators seem proud at their astute covering-up of the innocent victims. The gruesome lexis, mixed with the matter-of-fact tone gives off a horrifyingly insane, but calm feel to the passage. Also the motives for the killing seemed irrational and over emotional in both stories. This is another typical Gothic characteristic. In The Tell-Tale Heart he says I loved the old mannever wronged menever given me insultOne of his eyes resembled that of a vulturetake the life of the old mad, and thus rid myself of the eye forever. His incentive was unreasonable; he states that there is no other reason than his eye. In The Black Cat his reason for the first killing of his cat Pluto was perversenessfor no other reason than because he knows he should not? In this part of the passage it seems strange as he seems to be excusing himself for the sin he is about to narrate to us. Then also at the end of the story when he kills his wife because she stopped him from killing the second cat he says, this blow was arrested by the hand of my wife. Goaded, by the interference, into a rage more than demoniacal buried the axe in her brain. She fell dead upon the spot. The lexis used here is brutal and infernal, typical of Gothic writers rage more than demoniacal references to the devil highlight the white hot anger surging inside the twisted narrator. The use of an unreliable, villainous storyteller was not a typical Gothic feature at the time but it has greatly influenced future authors who write in the Gothic style. In both tales the narrators give off an intensely nervous energy by using repetition and strong, unruly lexis. The first line of The Tell-Tale Heart sets the tone for the whole story instantly TRUE!-nervous-very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I a mad? The dashes break up the sentences making them erratic; this is helped by the uneven sentence structure and the fusion of long and short clauses to make the whole pace of the story jerky and uneven. A typical Gothic feature that appears in only The Tell Tale Heart and not The Black Cat is the use of the night. The narrator describes how that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept. Also the murder itself was committed at night and the use of the disguise of darkness gives an eerie feel to the piece and emphasis the Gothic tone of the story. However in The Black Cat the story was described through the day and the night and the murders of both the narrators wife and cat were during the day. Although this was not traditionally Gothic, and the description of the gruesome death caused some sections of the story to be more in the genre of horror. An element of Gothic literature that was in The Black Cat and not The Tell Tale Heart was the use of omens, obviously the title itself was a bad omen at the time and the other story had no omens, other than the heart beat motif that causes the narrator to confess his sins to the police. The title itself was not the only omen used in The Black Cat; Poe writes about two other obvious omens in this tale. Firstly the large imprint of the figure of a gigantic cat There was a rope about the animals neck, this was left on the wall the night after our narrator had killed his cat, this is not a figment of his imagination though as other people around can see it; later on however the narrator describes a mark of white hair, which shows the image of a hideous -of a ghastly thing -of the GALLOWS! This is more likely to be an illusion as the remorse builds up inside him. But he describes it as terrible engine of Horror and of Crime -of Agony and of Death! The lexis used here is full of anger and is very strong. The capitalisation of the more significantly brutal words personifies these aspects and emphasises the narrators fear of the cat and of guilt. Poe uses many different techniques to suck the reader into the mind of his narrators. For example in the The Tell Tale Heart he describes his disease to the reader and excuses his actions. The disease has sharpened my senses, not destroyed, not dulled them. This line shows how the narrator is quite openely conceited. His insanity is revealed to us in a number of ways, firstly the deadpan tone of many parts of the passage give the reader an eery feeling of calm, that causes a disturbing sensation, such as when the narrator is describing his method of concealing his victims corpse, I took up three planksdeposited allthen replaced the boards This use of everyday lexis deposited almost makes us forget that he is talking about a corpse, it makes the whole procedure sound mundane, which gives the impression of madness but also numbness to the narrator. Secondly, his lunacy is exposed to us as the character of the narrator is unravelled through the story. Throughout, hints are dropped as to the overconfidence of our narrator, repetition of various phrases. what had I now to fear? and then again when the officers arrived, for what had I to fear? This reiteration of egotism makes us feel as if the narrator is reassuring himself that he is confident, and suggests to the reader that he has inexplicable insecurities lying beneath his cool exterior. Also in The Tell Tale Heart Poe uses many capitalised words and short, broken phrases to speed up the pace of parts of the account. They heard! they suspected! they KNEW! This shows how truly nervous and petrified the narrator is, and with the staggered, gaunt sentence structure makes the reader feel the same way, even if not to the same extent. A way in which The Black Cats method of pulling the reader into the mindset of a murderous narrator is near the beginning we are given some background about the narrators life. In The Tell Tale Heart we were given no information about setting or circumstance to help us detail our image. I find that this helps more as we have more pictures painted to us and these can then feed our imagination to produce a far more complex, but realistic understanding of the narrators mental situation. I was especially fond of animals, This line is quite ironic, as we learn from the rest of the story he seems to, infact, have a severe problem with cats. The way in which Poe implies the insanity of the narrator is in the language used to describe his cats. sagacious to an astnoishing degree His strange attachment to the cat gave the narrator an untrustworthy and evil feel. Then when he describes his motives for hanging his first cat, Pluto, this insinuates utter, pschotic madness, the spirit of PERVERSENESShave we not a perpetual inclinationto violate that which is Law This strange, confused motive gives the narrator a trace of humanity, but more of a childlike malevolence which emitts an air of wickedness. This infantile but wicked narrator, I find, is more chilling than the more simple, insane and evil narrator in The Tell Tale Heart, because of its uncanny likeness to reality. A similarity between The Black Cat and The Tell Tale Heart is that both narrators have a sense of superiority about them and this strong impression of narcissism makes the reader feel overwhelmed by malice and also builds up a strong feeling of resentment to their disagreeable characters. In both stories, the narrators end with a confession to their terrible deeds, both obviously caused by insolence and bravado. Another feature that is in The Black Cat but not The Tell Tale Heart is the sense of paranoia given off by the narrator, about the mark of white hair on his second cats chest, the markof which I have spokenassumed a rigorous distinctness of outlinethe image of a hideous- of a ghastly thing of the GALLOWS! This paranoia of an omen about the sadistic murder of Pluto blatently lays out the narrators madness and causes the reader to feel possibly more sympathetic, but more likely, to feel more estranged from the narrator. In conclusion I found the ways in which we were drawn into the psychotic mind of our killers were more effective in The Black Cat, as some were more subtle, but the more obvious ones were easier to spot and gave a more definite and outlined picture of the narrators psyche. However, I found that the typical Gothic features used in The Tell Tale Heart made it more Gothic than in The Black Cat and also made the tale more chilling, even if not as gruesome or detailed as The Black Cat.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The BP Oil Spill and Considering Business Ethics

The BP Oil Spill and Considering Business Ethics Based on the BP Oil Explosion in Texas, the tragedy caused huge environment damages and the threaten to human safety and health: the deep-water oil spilled on the ocean and the shorelines, the effects on the ecology of coastline and marine habits, the burning-off oil-water mix causing air pollution, the hazardous material leak into the atmosphere, the old drum too closed to highly flammable Isom waiting to explode, in which 5 workers were killed and 170 were injured on March 23 2005. The problems with the incident involve unsafe working environment, disproportionate efforts and insufficient information of safety knowledge. While this error attributes to the workers individual improper act, the statement is inaccurate in that it fails to reflect how to make safety environment in working in BP oil plants. In addition, between BPs upper-class executives, who made more scandals, in order to reduce operation costs and make better financial business cycles, they even resigned avoid to accident responsibility, made false audit financial statement, disapproved Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board reports, delayed all essential expenditures. On the other hand, who is responsibility for handling with the accidents, who is taking care of employees safety and life, and who is preserving the earth we live and giving us good environment? According to the accident BP oil spill explosion in Texas refinery, it has caused serious environment damage and irreversible dead and injured. This inspiration is given is that the corporation have to ensure the corporation security, find out security problems to avoid the accident happen again. In this accident, the spokesman of BP Ron Chapman claimed, The BP fatal investigation team did not identify previous budget decisions or lack of expenditure as a critical factor or immediate cause. The clarification is vague and unacceptable. To enhance corporation safety, we could reveal the fact by discounting several of clues: The claim that the workers injures are caused by of the workers individual inattention to the safety code is doubtful. According to Baker Panels reports, the BPs employee agreed to follow the existing security conduction. In contrast, Bakers Panel found that the workers were lack of operating discipline, which implicates the responsibility vaguely. In Baker Panels r eports, on 9th Dec 2005 BP invested 10,000,000 on Texas. Unfortunately, BP dealt with the accident on financial way. BPs irresponsible attitude could be found on Lord Browne, BPs chief executives early retirement when the accident happened. Afterwards, BPs safety policies are stops at paper work only to exhibit the safety and health regulations. In the similar way, the boards of director and executives monitored the safety systems by emphasizing the workers safety repeatedly on the reports. And, another irresponsible attitude is, Carolyn Merrits, chair of CBS, said CBSs executives disagree with the report about the financial budgets. In corporations safety and health conduction, someone would responsible for safe operating practices. However, the workers do not have proper safety and health conduction to follow. The safety code in BP to acting is only concentrated on reducing personal injuries which is useless on save workers life such a dangerous industry, petroleum firm ignore th e safety process and can not control petroleum safety. First of all, I believe that the BPs employees, especially the workers do not be treated fairly based on the safety and healthy conduction. The law can not protect the employees from danger and threaten of the chemicals and petroleum. For example, the employee made much more efforts to earn their safety and only on preventing self injuries, not on all unexpected dangers and threatens. In addition, BP workers are lack of training based on the safety and health conduction. The workers do not have sufficient knowledge and training to fully make their work environment safely, so that the accidents happen all the time. While the accident happened, the workers cannot handle with the situation so that they lose their life or get injuries. However, by law, the corporation safety is supervised by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Obviously, OSHA is an inefficient organization, and it does not supervise the corporation safety and health. As we read, OSHA did not help BP mak e Safety and Health code, OSHA did not inspected whether BPs safety action is accurate under the safety and health code periodically. OSHA did not make sure the workers use chemical in the right way, did not make sure the petroleum facilities are safe and did not make sure the worker works in a safe working environment. On the other hand, BP workers do not protect by the labor law, despite the corporations have to obey the law and respect the human rights, the company does not follow. The workers overtime work, explode on the danger environment, their life and safety are threatened all the time, and their human rights are not respected. In the second place, the financial cycles become an only factor in running companys business. In order to make more business benefit, the BP Company canceled security budget, thus BP used a pressure budget to run safety program which cause serious safety problem. On the basis of BPs financial statements, BP only bought cheap equipment so that it caused the blow down drum leak hazardous material into atmosphere. Moreover, the drum in Texas was built in 1950s and refitted in 1997 which is exactly old that is why caused BP explosion accident. So far as we know, on BPs financial statement, based on the oil majors mantra: squeeze more cash out of a well, or plant, by cutting costs to the bone, and delay all but essential expenditure. More cash from shrinking assets: higher returns. BP delayed all essential expenditure to other companies, government, investorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ which is unfaithful to the people who supported BPs business, nevertheless, BP made more serious environment polluti on on them. To make matters worse, BP shrunk most of their assets to the cash which made more unstable business. Nevertheless, BPs executives were still proud of their financial management which made high profits and good business cycles. Such a company does not pay their expenditures, makes dangerous and unstable of assets and cashes, how could the citizens and residents listen to the company and trust the company? The only thing BP Company concerned about is high profit. To maintain adequate safety and health standards, companies must avoid: Business decision against safety and health regulations. Business decision against human rights. Business decision against environmental laws. Ineffective management on safety and health conduction. Ineffective management of OSHA. Ineffective management of safety and health line management. Ineffective management of broad committee. Insufficient information of safety and health discipline. Irresponsible attitude of management. Cost cutting in safety and health budget. Cost cutting in training, discipline of safety and health. Cost cutting in buying proper equipment or buy inexpensive equipment under safety and health code. Contribution to political interests, or other interests outside the companies. Participating unacceptable business practices. Under the business interests, the corporations tend to act on behalf of their own short-term interests, not on behalf of the environment. This clam gives rise to complex issues about business interests and corporation responsibilities. In my view, the claim assumes a distortedly narrow view of corporation responsibilities, ignoring certain aspects of more expenditure of safety and health and environment prevention. On the contrary, maximizing shareholders wealth and preserving security environment at times coincides and at times conflicts. While the companies may only focus on the business interests, an unknowing toxin pollutes the environment, it would be cost much more to clean up and restore the environment. Furthermore, the compensation of the dead and injury workers caused the companies more losing their interests than business interests. Thus the employees would lose their jobs, and the shareholders would lose their benefits as well. Thus it caused the increasing of the oil pri ces, consequently individuals all around the world paid for these irresponsible of environment damage. Financial cycle of course an important factor to be taken into account but there are also many more essential factors playing just as pivotal a role and not one of them, including, the safety and health, corporation environment, social obligation, good managementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Corporation responsibilities is determining in every single case. However, few companies take more consideration of business benefits, but the BP explosion tragedy told us the importance of the corporation responsibilities: Financial cycle should not be overriding factor in running the business; the corporation should not take ethics in trading off individuals for the sake of its own profits. As it stands, the company need take corporation responsibilities to protect employees safety and preserving the nature environment. Accordingly, the corporations have to fairly treat their employees by following the labor law. The companies have to respect the human right of their employees; do not make the workers overtime work, make over efforts, and employees have the rights to have adequate discipline of safe and health working environment. Consequently, the corporations have to protect the employees safety and health by following the safety and health conduction. The corporation need have their own safety and health regulation to prevent the unexpected safety and health accidents. On this ground, the companies have to follow the relevant safety and health authorities conduction; the companies have to make sure have the proper safety and health action for employees to follow. The companies have to give the employees sufficient safety and health information, proper safety and heal th training, criteria safety and health facilities and review the safety and health conduction periodically. The workers not only have the knowledge of prevent individuals from injuries, should know about their job-related problems, but also having the thorough knowledge of the safety and health conduction to know how to protect their selves from danger chemicals, petroleum and unexpected accidents. While it makes some sense in a vague way to share the responsibilities, the obligations belong to individuals will allocated by all relevant lines of authority within the organization. When we do assign responsibility to organizations, it must be clearly distributed to individuals. Nowadays fewer and fewer individuals accept to work in a risk, unsafely and unhealthy working environment. More and more companies increase ethical standards to turn into the corporation responsibilities. The primary obligation to preserve the environment is necessarily to be obeyed by the companies. The corporation must, at the very least respect the law, respect the human rights; obey the safety and health regulations and environmental preserving conductions. The law and the human rights will priority to run the business. In order to practice the law, the companies require portioning out fixed and proper safety and health budget which is at least enough to maintain equipment, provide sufficient safe and health information and training to the employees as an essential budget in running the business. To prevent other external interests the companies from cutting the safety and health budget, the companies should not give political contributions or unacceptable business practices from corporation funds which other external interests could affect companies budgets. Besides, the penalties or compensations might be a measure to prevent companies unwilling to act corporation responsibilities. Furthermore, the corporations require obeying the safety and health regulation via the supervision of the directors of board committees and also the corporations require being supervision under safety, ethics and environment assurance committee. Moreover, the corporation could make ethical strategies into trading rules which benefit a corporation financially thus the shareholders will choose the high ethical to follow when pursuing high business interests. The government might be advised to enhance more safety and health competitions to stimulate more economy maximize highly ethical behavior when the businesses maximize profits. In the final conclusion, business ethical is always beyond business interests. Thus the choice to follow high ethical standards, in many cases, it will make the life better. Notwithstanding, few corporations concerned about their short-term interests, we could make the law to help the organizations to follow business ethics as an essential factor to make the company profits and help the company long-term survival. To make the good life, good future and achieve such goals, we encourage the leadership to turn into the right direction, to think more about ethical behavior when attempting to run the maximum profits. BPs oil spill explosion tragedy is an example to tell us to practice corporation responsibilities and preserve the nature environment. The safety and health environment belongs to each individual. Because workers, employees and individuals cannot scope the environment regulations and safety and health conductions, the corporations, industries, relative authorizations, and org anizations must to do so.

Friday, September 20, 2019

The Auteur Theory Film Studies Essay

The Auteur Theory Film Studies Essay -The auteur theory, if defined as the ultimate foundation for a filmmakers vision, can be a rather unstable remark for one to give. Who in the beginning of film history declared that a director must adhere to a specific genre with a specific style? It seems, like anything else, that the reasoning behind this theory is for a person to find a way to make sense of it all. However, one could argue that a filmmaker has reasoning behind why they have chosen their career path in the first place, or what kind of themes they want to express to the public. No matter what the genre or screenplay, a filmmaker can become a true auteur if they exhibit the same thematic preoccupations, the same recurring motifs and incidents, and the same visual style and tempo (Wollen 73).   In this essay, I will argue that Andrew Sarriss definition of film auteurism, along with Jim Kitses and Peter Wollen redefinition of its traditional and structuralist conceptions, are displayed in M. Night Shyamalans The Happening (along with his other films) as an example of the filmmakers auteurism. Andrew Sarris assesses a filmmakers auteurism under three pieces of criteria: technical competence, personality evident through oeuvre (director as stylist), and beauty of interior meanings of films. Technical competence, as a notion of value, surfaces the idea that a badly directed or undirected film has no importance in a critical scale of values, but one can make interesting conversation about the subject, the script, the acting, the color, the photography, the editing, the music, the costumes, etc (Sarris 69). In an interview with CNN, Shyamalan insists that The Happening is the best B movie you will ever see, thats it. Thats what this is. With this information, Shyamalan lays out the foundation of the films technical competence in relation to his past films. The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Signs, The Village, and Lady in the Water were assumingly created to the best of Shyamalans artistic abilities. Shyamalan premeditated The Happening with the notion that it would not be displayed as one of his ideal aesthetic pieces of cinema. It has been widely known that Shyamalan has had direct influences from science-fiction shows like The Twilight Zone, therefore audiences should be able to suspend moments of realism because, premeditatedly, bizarre and unexplained scenes are going to occur. Its going to test your patience, imagination, and social pressure, meaning that it almost dares you to laugh at inexplicable moments of dialogue and scenarios, and while it would be easy to write them off as bad filmmaking, if more effort is put into discover whats really happening or whats trying to be displayed (Shyamalans B-movie approach) , the stronger the payoff will be. For example, the scene where Mark Wahlberg is talking to a plastic plant, pretty funny right? Sure, if you look at it from the standpoint that its just Mark Wahlberg talking to a plastic plant. But if you think about it abstractly, the scene is completely appropriate to the films narrative. After evacuating New York City, being dropped off in a random town in Pennsylvania, then running from an attacking environmental force thats never fully explained, isnt it crazy enough to think that after all this, a person might begin to lose a sense of normalcy? Why not talk to the plant? It cant hurt to try new approaches to a specific scenario in order to figure out what could be happening, no matter how crazy it makes you look from an outside perspective. Sarriss film auteur definition extends even further, to the filmmakers personality and its visible evidence throughout oeuvre (director as stylist). A director must exhibit certain recurring characteristics of style which serve as his signature. The way a film looks and moves should have some relationship to the way a director thinks and feels (Sarris 69). With The Happening, there is clear evidence of Shyamalans personality. Since The Sixth Sense, he has been become known as the master of suspense. He never sells himself out to violence. Instead, he uses it as a tool to build towards a much more apocalyptic fear. The Happening is never explored from a large-scale angle like War of the Worlds, but rather the larger event that is taking place simultaneously merely peeks from the corners of the screen. Any filmmaker can physically blow things up so long as they have a decent budget. Instead, Shyamalan blows up our imagination. According to Sarris, the auteur theory must have a director with a specific style. Going along with Sarriss quote, the way Shyamalan uses violence in the film fits his personal and socially known filmmaking vision. For example, the scene where multiple bodies hang from hoses on trees is incredibly and meaningfully staged. As a passing car witnesses this, could you imagine sitting in that car and be thinking: What in the hell happened here that caused people to end up like this? Its so much scarier with scenes like this to leave the actual act of violence to the imagination because the imagination has no limits. Thats what makes this all the more horrifying. Shyamalan could have taken the lazy way out by going all Saw on us, producing over the top gore that has no purpose to the story. Theres a difference between horror and violence, and instead, Shyamalan seems to grasp this concept and use violence to enhance the story. He has shown this in every single one of his movies, even with The Happenings limitless R-rating. Sarriss third and final piece of criteria for assessing a directors auteurism is the beauty of the interior meaning behind a film. Sometimes a great deal of corn must be husked to yield a few kernels of internal meaning (Sarris 71). The post 9/11 atmosphere in our society still looms in the back of everyones mind. Shyamalan, instead of abusing this fear, induces it into interpersonal paranoia. The strangeness of each scene allows multiple scenarios of fear. The vibes coming off each character suggests that the events in The Happening are terrorist attacks. Why? Because its the first thing that enters everyones mind. The media has us so convinced that an act of terrorism is the only possible explanation of an attack on American soil that it has become the epitome of mass cultural fear. The standardization of mass culture (in this case, the media of mass culture) dictates the audiences reactions, telling them how to think and feel. Clement Greenberg, an American art critic of the 20th century argues that the Kitsch (German word meaning mass culture) associated in filmmaking has become extremely easy to notice. For example, a clichà ©d horror scene consists of objects jumping onto the screen after moments of eerie noises or silence (The Prom Night example). Formulaically, its the feeling that someone is going to jump out and scream a standardized horror clichà ©d line like boo! or gotcha! Shyamalan on the other hand, takes this persona and reverses it. Instead of forcing the audience into feeling a specific reaction, he allows them to think for themselves. Jim Kitses and Peter Wollen redefine the traditionalists and structuralist conceptions of auteurism in a simplistic manner that remains to this day, arguably, as an odyssey. Kitses claims that genre is to filmmaker as language is to speaker. The very foundation of meaning for an artist to work with is the roots in which they display the most comfort. Kitses explains that the meanings, characters, stories, and imagery come from the structure of the genre and the present culture in which the filmmaker is working within. Applying this to Shyamalans personal authorship, both Kitses and Wollen express their theories: In my view the term (auteur theory) describes a basic principle and a method, no more and no less (Kitses 89) and exhibit the same thematic preoccupations, the same recurring motifs and incidents, and the same visual style and tempo (Wollen 73). Shyamalan, in almost all of his films tackles big social themes, being mostly end of the world scenarios (Signs, The Happening) and/or socially known fears (The Village, The Sixth Sense). In Signs, Shyamalan takes a basic principle (an alien invasion towards planet earth) and applies his own basic method to it (the event is seen through the eyes of an American family trying to survive it). By adding his own layers of substance to Kitsess basic principle and method, Shyamalan ultimately creates his own personal authorship. Signs has the same basic principle as Steven Spielbergs War of the Worlds, but each director has their own vision towards it. Both Signs and War of the Worlds are about an alien invasion towards planet earth in which an American family tries to survive it, but unlike Spielberg, Shyamalan doesnt physically blow up the world, he enforces the imagination on the viewer and only implies physical destruction. Roger Eberts review of Signs furthers this argument: I will not even say whether aliens appear in the movie, because whether they do or not is beside the point. The purpose of the film is to evoke pure emotion through the use of skilled acting and direction, and particularly through the soundtrack. It is not just what we hear that is frightening. It is the way Shyamalan has us listening intensely when there is nothing to be heard. I cannot think of a movie where silence is scarier, and inaction is more disturbing (Roger Ebert). Kitses and Wollen have very similar opinions in the basic elements of the auteur. Kitses expresses that it involves a basic principle and a method, where Wollen argues that it exhibits the same thematic preoccupations. However, the process of getting the film to a concrete medium is where the two differ. Kitses compares genre to filmmaker as language is to speaker. When a speaker speaks a language, they may say it on their own terms, with different tones, dialects, expressions, emotions, speed, etc. therefore in translation to cinema, a filmmaker may express a genre their own way without the interference of an outside medium. While that it very much the case in many situations, the auteur must also face several realities, most evidently the wants and desires of the films financier (in other words, the studio) and the potential incidents that could destroy a films credibility. The director does not have full control of his work. This explains why the auteur theory involves a kind of decipherment, decryptment. A great many features of films analysed have to be dismissed as indecipherable because of noise from the producer, the cameraman or even the actors (Wollen 77). Audiences and critics can become subconsciously superstitious if one is not careful to consider the fact that films undergo realistic challenges like anything else. Shyamalan has experienced these heartaches just like any other filmmaker. In The Sixth Sense, his favorite scene (an alternate ending with an extended version of Bruce Williss wedding video speech) was cut from the film due to a studio decision. In Signs, Shyamalan was disappointed with his cinematographers (Tak Fujimoto) visual representation of the aliens. Furthermore, one must insist that Kitses wrote his analysis on the auteur theory before the Internet world affected the cinema. For example, the definitive twist in Shyamalans The Village was leaked online before its theatrical release date, ultimately allowing the entire world to access the films signature plot twist. This not only directly contributed to the films box-office disappointment, but also its initial critical failure, which discouraged the meaning of Shyamalans message. One could argue that The Sixth Sense would have suffered the same fate of The Village had the Internet been a primary resource and if the films ending was leaked online before its theatrical release in 1999. The structure of a movie is premeditated by an auteur, but a films outcome may have an end that does not justify the means. In a perfect filmmaking world, Kitsess theory would reign supreme on the idea that genre is to filmmaker as language is to speaker, but Wollen understands that things can happen beyond the control of an auteur. It simply means that it is inaccessible to criticism. We can merely record our momentary and subjective impressions (Wollen 77). Perhaps this is why Shyamalans films are becoming more appreciated as time goes on. One example of this is Unbreakable, which was initially a critical and box-office disappointment (in relation to The Sixth Sense) upon its release date in August of 2000, but over the years a cult following on DVD and VHS has sparked rumors of a potential sequel. Sarris, Kitses, and Wollens theories are visible in todays mainstream discussions. Shyamalans statement in the CNN interview stating, The Happening is the best B-movie ever is filled with Sarriss ideas of technical competence in the criteria for a films auteurism. Wollen is seen in Roger Eberts reviews on both Shyamalans Signs and The Happening. Ebert states in his Signs review that in a time when Hollywood mistakes volume for action, Shyamalan makes quiet films. In a time when incessant action is a style, he persuades us to play close attention to the smallest nuances (Roger Ebert). Every Shyamalan film since The Sixth Sense has had a summer release date. The filmmaker has an off-rhythmic beat in a year of Hollywood releases. M. Night Shyamalans The Happening is a movie that I find oddly touching. It is no doubt too thoughtful for the summer action season, but I appreciate the quietly realistic way Shyamalan finds to tell a story about the possible death of man (Roger Ebert). Personal taste aside, a theatrical release of a Shyamalan movie is always a movie event. In many ways, we know what to expect from his films. First and foremost (in accordance to mainstream logic), his box-office numbers are usually very successful (Lady in the Water is his only film that failed to produce a profit in its theatrical run). A Time Magazine interview has Shyamalan defending his financial success. Except for Pixar, I have made the four most successful original movies in a row of all time (The Sixth Sense, Unbreakable, Signs, and The Village). If youre not betting on me, then nobody should get money. Ive made profit a mathematical certainty. Im the safest bet you got. Behind his films financial successes are their other obvious components. The science-fiction genre is a must, his release dates are similar (theyve ranged no further in the summer season than June through August), and his characters all embody the struggles of interpersonal and emotional growth.   Through this mainstream discussion, an auteur (in this case, Shyamalan) exhibits the same thematic preoccupations, the same recurring motifs and incidents, and the same visual style and tempo (Wollen 73). Shyamalan, whether or not many believe he has lost his touch, is still a prime example of film auteurism. When watching one of his films, you always know you are watching a Shyamalan movie. It is clear with his setting (every one of his films is set in Philadelphia,) his vision (large scale events shown through a small-scale,) and his themes (the power of love, the fear of violence, and the importance of the imagination). His technical competence, personal evident throughout oeuvre, and internal meeting are all elements in his personal authorship in American cinema. Like anything else, only time has any real ability to create an understanding, in this case behind the man who was once called The Next Spielberg, the elements of his film auteurism, and the theorists who have timelessly argued the notion of the terms infinitely interpreted foundation.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

A Lady of Letters and Cream Cracker under the Settee by Alan Bennett Es

"A Lady of Letters" and "Cream Cracker under the Settee" by Alan Bennett The two monologues I am going to be writing about are two elderly women who are lonely and trapped in their own homes. I will be talking about how Doris, one lady from 'Cream cracker under the settee' and Irene, the other lady in 'Lady of letters' are suffering from loneliness. Doris and Irene both live alone. They don't seem to have any special friends. For example, Irene doesn't like being people calling her Irene. People who come across Irene must call her Miss.Ruddock; nobody has called her Irene since her mother died. Only real friends may call 'Miss Ruddock' Irene. But both Doris and Irene have people who do you look out for them like the policeman who calls in to check on Doris from time to time. Both monologues are talking, and looking directly into the camera, at many different angles. This gives a great effect, as the person talking in the monologue seems to be talking to 'YOU', in the audience. In the monologues the women mainly talk about the past and by comparing the day they were 'kiddies' to the days of today. This is how monologues are a lot different to dramas. Monologues are an interesting way for the people in the audience to see the opinions and thoughts of another person, maybe older or maybe younger. Both these monologues don't have a grouped name such as, action, horror or comedy but if I had to catorgise these monologues, I would say they are 'real life tragedy's'. There are the little side comments which the author for both monologues, Bennett, has made to make the make the audience giggle but the whereas the individuals in the monologue, in this case Doris or Irene, aren't aware that whate... ...the Settee' my emotions stayed practically the same all the way through the monologue, as for 'Lady of Letter' I felt a number of emotions for Irene, Happy, angry, sad. I felt a lot of sympathy for Doris when she was talking about her family but i feel no sympathy for Irene. As I said, my feelings stayed the same for Doris but I did feel frustrated at times, as it is frustrating when 'you' know what's best for someone but that someone doesn't understand. My feelings varied a huge amount for Irene mainly because Irene's feelings varied an amount. Both monologue were encouraging in there own ways. 'Cream cracker under the settee' did get a bit tedious at times and sometimes made me want to fall asleep due to the same tone of voice droning on and on. I had a lot more to write about for Lady of Letters because I thought there was a much better story line.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Billie Holiday Essay -- essays research papers

To understand the controversy that Billie presented one must first go to the root or source of such controversy and examine Billie's childhood. Billie was born Eleanora Harris to her father Clarence Holiday and mother Sadie Fagan who were just fifteen and thirteen years old, respectively, at the time (A 91). Born between 1912 and 1915 in Baltimore, the date unsure, Billie grew up without her father, who moved away early on in her life. Billie and her mother used to fight a lot, when her mother was around. Much of the time Billie was left in the care of relatives or friends, many of whom were unloving (E). Billie's relationship with her family was very weak, as Billie throughout her life and career never or rarely got family approval or recognition (W 13). The extent to which Billie did not get along with her family is evident as she was chastised for her grandmother's death at the age of six (E). The turmoil within Billie's family was manifested when Billie commented later on in life that "As far as I'm Concerned, all the Fagans are dead" (W 14). This made her family very mad and lead to their further abandonment of Billie. Aside from the superficial tension between Billie and her mother, they did their best to remain loyal to one another and provide for each other (W 201). As Billie grew older, life grew harder and reality slowly became more and more real for her. At age 10, Billie was raped, further strengthening Billie's image of reality. As Billie grew old...

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Why We Use Stereotypes

Why stereotypes? Why can’t we just be judged by our own individuality and not based on someone else’s? Stereotypes basically give people untrue â€Å"facts† about different ethnic groups and their certain characteristics and behaviors. So in this essay I’m going to have to set things straight. I’ll define what stereotypes are, why do people use stereotypes and who/how does it usually affect people. Stereotypes are exaggerated or distorted beliefs or images about a person or group of people. They assume that everyone in the group have the same characteristics leading them to believe that they are all alike.No one is born believing in stereotypes, they are usually learned from the media (TV, radio, etc), parents, peers, and etc. Even when a stereotype is positive it affects the mind so much that there is no room for a person to show their individuality or how different they can be. Many people use stereotypes because it’s hard for them to take in all this complicated information about other people in the world. People find it difficult to spend the necessary amount of time learning to understand why or what different ways people behave.So then due to that we start accepting stereotypes because their easier for us to understand. Stereotypes affect people all over the world. There isn’t one group of people that isn’t affected by stereotypes (due to the fact that everyone is basically different from us). The effect that stereotypes take is that it eliminates the challenges of us getting to know and understand people who are different from us. They don’t allow people to be considered different. They give us a general overview of whole groups of people so we know what to expect and how to act when they’re seen.Also when we have problems with someone of a different group, we usually identify the problem as it having to be associated the group rather than the specific person. So the do impact us on ho w we think, and feel. Stereotypes also make us very judgmental about others and unfortunately they frequently do. Stereotypes make us believe that someone (or that group of people) did something to us, rather than the problem, fear, or rigidity/closed thinking we have within ourselves. Stereotypes have left a big effect on us. We can’t be seen as different with them around so we must try to eliminate them.We need to actually take the time to get to know people instead of accepting stereotypes just because their easier. Everyone is different, so you can’t just look at someone and think this is how they act based on what’s said about the group in general. Get to understand people based on their individuality not what you hear. Though no one is born believe in stereotypes they are usually learned from the media (which usually impacts us anyways). So in conclusion stereotypes are not what’s best to be used and are basically false.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Harvard Concept (Fisher and Urgy)

â€Å"Getting to Yes† (also called the Harvard concept) describes a method called principled negotiation to reach an agreement whose success is judged by three criteria: 1. It should produce a wise agreement if agreement is possible. 2. It should be efficient. 3. It should improve or at least not damage the relationship between the parties. The authors argue that their method can be used in virtually any negotiation. Issues are decided upon by their merits and the goal is a win-win situation for both sides. Below is a summary of some of the key concepts from the book. The four steps of a principled negotiation are: 1. Separate the people from the problem 2. Focus on interests, not positions 3. Invent options for mutual gain 4. Insist on using objective criteria In principled negotiations, negotiators are encouraged to take the view that all the participants are problem solvers rather than adversaries. The authors recommend that the goal should be to reach an outcome â€Å"efficiently and amicably. † The steps can be described in more detail as follows. Step 1: Separate the people from the problem All negotiations involve people and people are not perfect. We have emotions, our own interests and goals and we tend to see the world from our point of view. We also are not always the best communicators; many of us are not good listeners. Getting to YES outlines a number of tools for dealing with the problems of perception, emotion and communication. However, the authors stress that separating people from problems is the best option. The keys to prevention are: â€Å"building a working relationship† and â€Å"facing the problem, not the people. † Think of the people you negotiate with on a regular basis. Generally, the better we know someone, the easier it is to face a negotiation together. We tend to view people we don't know with more suspicion: just what is â€Å"Bob† up to? Take time to get to know the other party before the negotiation begins. Think of the negotiation as a means to solving a problem and the people on the other side as partners helping to find a solution. Ideally both parties will come out of a negotiation feeling they have a fair agreement from which both sides can benefit. If the negotiation feels like a situation of â€Å"you versus them†, the authors suggest a couple of options: 1. Raise the issue with [the other side] explicitly†¦'Let's look together at the problem of how to satisfy our collective interests'. 2. Sit on the same side of the table†¦. Try to structure the negotiation as a side-by-side activity in which the two of you – with your different interests and perceptions, and your emotional involvement – jointly face a common task. Step 2: Focus on Interests, Not Positions The authors use a simple example to explain the difference between interests and positions: â€Å"Two men [are] quarrelling in a library. One wants the window open and the other wants it closed. †¦. Enter the librarian. She asks one why he wants the window open: ‘To get some fresh air [his interest]'. She asks the other why he wants it closed: ‘To avoid a draft' [his interest]. After thinking a moment, she opens wide a window in the next room, bringing in fresh air without a draft. † The interests of the two men are the desire for fresh air and the desire to avoid a draft. The men's positions are to have the window opened or closed. The authors say we need to focus, not on whether the window in their room is opened or closed, but on how we can meet both the need for fresh air and the need to avoid a draft. More often than not, by focusing on interests, a creative solution can be found. In this little example, each man has one interest but in most negotiations, each party will have many interests and these interests will likely be different than yours. It's important to communicate your interests to the other party. Don't assume they have the same interests as you or that they know what your interests are. Don't assume you know what interests the other party has. Discussion to identify and understand all the interests is a critical step in the process. Step 3: Invent Options for Mutual Gain The authors feel that a common problem with many negotiations is there are too few options to choose from. Little or no time is spent creating options. This, they feel, is a mistake. There are four steps to generating options: 1. Separate inventing from deciding. Like in any brainstorming session, don't judge the ideas people bring forward, just get them on the board. 2. Broaden the options on the table rather than look for a single answer. Remember the men at the library? The only option they saw was opening or closing the window in the room they were both sitting in. In fact, there are many options: borrow a sweater, open a window in another room, move to a different spot, etc. 3. Search for mutual gain. In a negotiation, both sides can be worse off and both sides can gain. Principled negotiations are not about â€Å"I win† and â€Å"you lose†. 4. Invent ways of making the other party's decisions easy. Since a successful negotiation requires both parties to agree, make it easy for the other side to choose. This is where putting yourself in the other person's shoes can be very valuable. What might prevent â€Å"Bob† from agreeing? Can you do anything to change those things? Step 4: Insist on Using Objective Criteria Principled negotiations are not battles of will. There is no winner and you don't need to push your position until the other backs down. The goal is to â€Å"produce wise agreements amicably and efficiently†. Use of objective criteria helps remove the emotion from the discussion and allows both parties to use reason and logic. You may have to develop objective criteria and there are a number of ways that can be done, from â€Å"traditional practices†, to â€Å"market value† to â€Å"what a court would decide†. Objective criteria â€Å"need to be independent of each side's will. † Once objective criteria have been developed, they need to be discussed with the other side. The authors provide some guidelines: 1. Frame each issue as a joint search for objective criteria. 2. â€Å"[Use] reason and be open to reason† as to which standards are most appropriate and how they should be applied. 3. â€Å"Never yield to pressure†, only to principle. Common Challenges Following these steps should lead you to a successful outcome, but it isn't always that easy. The authors then go on to address three types of common challenges negotiators face. Sometimes the other party is more powerful than you: â€Å"The most any method of negotiation can do is to meet two objectives: first, to protect you against making an agreement you should reject and second, to help you make the most of the assets you do have so that any agreement you reach will satisfy your interests as well as possible. † To protect yourself, develop and know your BATNA: Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement. The reason you negotiate is to produce something better than the results you can obtain without negotiating. † The result you can obtain without negotiating is your BATNA. â€Å"The better your BATNA, the greater your power† so it's essential to know your BATNA and take time to make sure it's as strong as it could be. The same will hold true for the other party. There are three steps to developing your BATNA: 1. Invent a list of actions you might take if no agreement is reached† 2. Improve some of the more promising ideas and convert them into practical alternatives. 3. Select, tentatively, the one alternative that seems best Sometimes the other party just won't play: In a principled negotiation, you don't want to play games with the other party and you don't want them playing games with you. The authors advocate three approaches to getting things back on track in this situation: 1. Concentrate on the merits: talk about interests, options and criteria 2. Focus on what the other party may do: try and identify the other party's interests and the principles underlying their position. 3. Focus on what a third party can do: bring in a third party to assist if steps 1 and 2 aren't successful Sometimes the other party uses dirty tricks: You may encounter a party who won't shy away from using dirty tricks. The process for dealing with this type of tactic is to follow the process for principled negotiations: 1. Separate the people from the problem 2. Focus on interests not positions 3. Invent options for mutual gain 4. Insist on using objective criteria 5. If all else fails, â€Å"turn to your BATNA and walk out† The authors close with three points: 1. â€Å"You knew it all the time. † Much of what goes into a principled negotiation is common sense. The authors have developed an understandable framework to share the approach with others. 2. â€Å"Learn from doing. † You won't become a better negotiator unless you get out there and practice. 3. Winning: â€Å"The first thing you are trying to win is a better way to negotiate – a way that avoids your having to choose between the satisfactions of getting what you deserve and of being decent. You can have both. â€Å"

Sunday, September 15, 2019

The Role of Violence in Beowulf

It is clear that violence, or at least military action plays an important role in the world of Beowulf. The events in Beowulf's life are strongly connected to combat: he saves the Kingdom of Denmark by defeating both Grendel and his mother; he serves as the King of Geatland's advisor and champion; he is elected King of Geatland after the former king and his son are killed in battle and successfully for fifty years; and he kills the fire-monster and save Geatland (Slade; Bullfinch).The violence in Beowulf does not appear to be engaged in gratuitously, for its own sake, or out of cruelty. Instead, the violence serves as a tool to achieve various goals. The men in Beowulf engage in violence in defense against an attack, threat or as Hill suggests, a feud. Military action is used as a method of getting wealth and additional territory. Lastly the use of violence is seen in terms of good versus evil, with Beowulf and his people in the role of the good.Both of the major scenes of violence i n the poem are aimed at specific targets and occur as responses to attacks made by Grendel, his mother, the lady troll-wife on Denmark, and by the dragon that attacks Geatland. When Beowulf saves the kingdom of Demark from destruction at the claws of Grendel he is responding to the attacks Grendel has been making on the Danish court. Hrothgar, king of Denmark, was â€Å". . . success in warcraft given,/honour in war, so that his retainers/ eagerly served him until the young war-band grew/into a mighty battalion† (Slade, 64-66).As a result of his success he decides to build a â€Å"mead-hall† where he can give his wealth to â€Å"young and old, such as God gave him† (Slade, 72). The poem does not tell us against whom Hrothgar has fought to gain his wealth, but the description of his lineage is a positive one that does not lend itself to indiscriminate attacks and raiding (Slade 1-63). When the Danes are unable to defeat Grendel Beowulf leads a group of men and su cceeds in killing Grendel and, when she seeks revenge on Beowulf the next day, Grendel's mother.Although Beowulf's purpose was to save Denmark from Grendel, due to his great deed, Beowulf receives both wealth and reputation. He returns to his own country: Geatland. There he serves the country well, ultimately becoming King of Geatland. After Beowulf had been king for fifty years, a dragon attacks the country; Beowulf is the only one who will fight it. He succeeds in killing the dragon, but is killed during the fight. It is clear the people in the world of Beowulf used violence to gain both wealth and honor. As mentioned above Hrothgar has made his fortune by military action.Since Hrothgar is not condemned for his acts, but is celebrated by men and given gifts from the gods, in fact the poet tells us that Hrothgar is â€Å"old and good† (Slade 130) Based on this it appears unlikely that such a method of gaining wealth was considered inappropriate, but is a tool to be used to g ain wealth. Beowulf himself leaves Denmark with a great wealth of gold and an honorable reputation for his abilities to fight. Since Beowulf is the celebrated hero of the poem it appears certain that violence as a means to wealth is accepted by the people in the world of the poem.The people in the poem regard themselves as engaging in the universal fight between good and evil with themselves fight on the side of goodness. The poet tells us that Grendel was â€Å"condemned with the kin of Cain† (Slade) and a result of the feud between Abel and Cain, i. e. , good versus evil (Slade 106-114). Consequently when Beowulf fights against Grendel, his mother, and the dragon, he is fighting against creatures that were brought into being when Cain murdered his brother.Kennedy proposes that not only does Beowulf describe the battle between good and evil, but contains â€Å"a deeply pervasive infusion of Christian spirit coloring thought and judgment, governing motive and action, a conti nuous and active agent in the process of transformation† (Kennedy, xlix). Gordon takes a more conservative approach and points out that Christianity did not supplant the native pagan beliefs all at once, but co-existed in Northern Europe at this time (Gordon 1). It is evident that violence plays an important part in the live and traditions of the people of the poem.It appears however that instead of indiscriminate raiding, raping, and pillaging one associates with the Vikings, violence was seen as a tool for defense, building wealth, and participating in the fight against evil. However it must be remembered that Beowulf presents only the side of the Danes and the Geats and does not tell how the people who lost their lives and wealth to Hrothgar viewed these people.Works CitedBullfinch, Thomas. The Age of Fable. Published April 2000 by Bartleby. com;  © 2000 Copyright Bartleby. com, Inc. 29 Mar. 2007 < http://www.bartleby. com/182/301. html>.Gordon, R. K. trans. Anglo-Saxon P oetry. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1954.Hill, John M. â€Å"Anthropological Approaches to Old English Literature: A Special Issue. † Philological Quarterly (1999): 1. Questia. 30 Mar. 2007 .Kennedy, Charles W. trans. Beowulf: The Oldest English Epic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.Slade, Benjamin, Ed. and Trans. , 2003. Diacritically Marked Text of Beowulf Facing a New Translation. 29 Mar. 2007 < http://www. heorot. dk/beo-intro-rede. html>.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Interview Essay Essay

I conducted my interview with Mrs. Michelle G. Escala; a woman with simple dreams and hopes in life. I approached her with all the kindness, respect, and humility. I started my interview by introducing myself and my purpose for conducting the interview. I was quite nervous during my interview, but I was still able to deliver my prepared questions. Mrs. Escala showed kindness to me during my interview. I could sense her sincerity and confidence while answering all my questions. She is a teacher at Tarong Elementary School, who is willing to inspire pupils and students to learn and to live the value of their existence. Mrs. Escala received her Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education from Philippine Normal University, Cadiz City in 2003 and her Masteral in Elementary Education from University of Southern Philippines in 2011. She took the Licensure Examination for Teacher and she passed and now, she’s enjoying her profession. Mrs. Escala was never influenced by anyone to take up the course Bachelor of Science in Elementary Education; it’s her own choice and will. She stated that taking up BEED is the first step in preparing for this profession. She also believes that grades and extracurricular activities are important. She was a consistent honor student since her younger years, she actively participate in their school paper and other organization in their school. In addition, she said, in order for you to finish your studies and to achieve your goal, you must strive hard, manage your time wisely, love what you do, and have faith in God. After finishing her studies, before she becomes a full time teacher, she started as a substitute teacher for about half a year. She also stressed the importance of Practice teaching because it will give you experience and you can meet what is truly the work of a teacher. She also said that attending to seminars either near or far is important because through these a ctivities you can learn more and it will help you to be more professional. Mrs. Escala stressed that teaching is not that easy. You have to be as patient as you can towards your pupils. You must be patient in teaching them their lesson, especially when difficult time comes in. She stated that the most difficult part in teaching is when you know you gave your best but still pupils fail to show what is expected from them. She also said that we must also accept the fact that everybody is not equal in all aspect; we must acknowledge the weaknesses of the pupils and then teach without expecting too much. Teaching has deadlines that must be met, which creates pressure  and the feeling of constantly being rushed. She also said that you must not be absent in your class because it’s not you that will be affected, but the students. Even though there is a reason for you to be absent, she added, you must give them some assignments or activities before the day you’re not there so that their day won’t be wasted, or maybe you must make it up to them on the day that your back. But not all the times it seems to be difficult, there are times it’s easy to handle and fulfilling especially when you achieve your goals for the pupils. She said that what she is trying to achieve with her students is for them to learn, to digest what she taught in class, and hopefully they will be inspired to live with the values she is instilling in them. She also added that it is a great achievement for a teacher to see their pupils progressing physically, intellectually, socially, and financially, that’s why she is aiming to produce pupils to become functionally upright, and useful as well as productive citizen of the society. Mrs. Escala said that her work is satisfying, not in a way that she is satisfied with the food but she is satisfied with her pupils because they are pretty comical. She even added that she would choose teaching all over again, because she loves her job and this is where her heart really belongs. I feel my interview is really beneficial. I learned a lot about her, as well as some about what it is like to be a professional. It was encouraging for me to speak with someone who loves her job so much. My interview with Mrs. Escala provided me information about being a professional and how to be a responsible student and soon to be a professional like her. She also provided me with â€Å"real world† information; information about life and how to handle the difficulties and not letting those difficulties to be a hindrance in pursuing and achieving your goal. Conducting an interviews with her prove to be a great learning experience because it help me a lot and now, I have more knowledge about responsibilities, career opportunities, and what it’s like to be a professional. Even though my interview is not related to my course, it is still challenging and worth remembering. Now, I have more and better idea and understanding of how to achieve my goal, and my goal is to become a Certified Public Accountant.